Teaching Mathematics to Students with Autism: Key Points

Mathematics can be a challenging subject for many students, and for those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the abstract nature of math concepts can present unique hurdles. However, with the right approach and understanding, students with autism can excel in math.

This blog will explore effective strategies for teaching mathematics to students with autism. We’ll also give you a quick explanation of how ABA therapy and our school readiness programs at Rise Up for Autism can help prepare children for future learning.

Autism and Math

Recent research has revealed that children with autism may possess unique cognitive strengths in mathematics. A 2014 study published in Biological Psychiatry shed light on these strengths, finding that certain parts of the brain in children with autism are activated differently when solving math problems compared to neurotypical peers. The study also revealed an interesting difference in problem-solving approaches: children with autism were twice as likely to use a strategy called "decomposition" when solving addition problems. This strategy involves breaking down a problem into smaller parts to find the answer.

These findings suggest that children with autism may have a unique ability to visualize and manipulate numbers in a different way, potentially leading to unique mathematical strengths.

Understanding the Challenges

Students with autism may have different learning styles and may struggle with aspects of math that neurotypical peers find easier. Here are some of the most common challenges:

• Abstract Concepts: Math often involves abstract concepts, which can be challenging for some students with ASD to grasp. They might struggle to understand the relationship between numbers and real-world objects, or they may have trouble visualizing mathematical relationships.
• Visual-Spatial Processing: Some students with ASD may have difficulties with visual-spatial processing, making it harder to understand geometric concepts, manipulate shapes, or interpret visual representations of mathematical problems.
• Social Communication: Social interactions in the classroom, like asking questions or working in groups, can be challenging for students with ASD, impacting their ability to access support and participate fully in math instruction.
• Executive Functioning Skills: Executive functioning skills are necessary for success in math, including planning, organizing, and managing time. Students with ASD may have difficulties with these skills, making it challenging to complete assignments, follow multi-step instructions, or manage their time effectively.

Here is an example of how these challenges work.

A student was asked to multiply -5 x 9. He knew to do something with the minus sign but was unfamiliar with multiplying negative numbers. He instinctively added instead, answering -5 + 9 = 4. This highlights how autistic students may struggle with applying new math concepts to unfamiliar situations.

Choosing the Right Math Curriculum for Students with Autism

Finding the right math curriculum for a student with autism is necessary for their success. By employing proven strategies and understanding your child's individual needs, you can make the learning process more enjoyable and effective.

When choosing a math curriculum for your child, take into account these key considerations:

• What are their math strengths? Identify their areas of expertise and how they learn best. Do they excel at visual learning, pattern recognition, or hands-on activities?
• Can the curriculum be adapted? Look for programs that can be modified to build upon your child's strengths. For example, can you use visual aids, manipulatives, or real-world examples to make the material more accessible?
• How does the curriculum address their weaknesses? Choose a program that helps address their areas of challenge. Does it break down complex concepts into smaller steps, provide clear and concise instructions, or offer visual representations?

Answering these questions will guide you toward a math curriculum that empowers your child.

Top 5 Strategies for Teaching Math to Children with Autism

Teaching math to students with autism requires a unique approach that goes beyond traditional methods. Here are some essential strategies for teaching math to students with autism.

#1. Creating a Supportive Classroom Community

A positive and encouraging classroom environment is vital for all students, but it is especially important for students with autism. By providing clear structure and routines, using visual aids, and celebrating successes, you can make math feel safe and accessible for them. Remember to be mindful of sensory sensitivities and offer quiet spaces and breaks when needed.

#2. Tailoring Instruction to Meet Individual Learning Styles

Every student learns differently, and learners with ASD are no exception. To effectively teach math, use a variety of methods to engage them. This can include visual and hands-on methods, auditory cues, hands-on activities, and multi-sensory approaches. By using multiple senses and tailoring instruction, you can make math concepts clearer and more meaningful for students.

#3. Implementing Differentiated Instruction

Adapting teaching styles to meet the unique needs of each student is a must. This means creating individualized learning plans, offering small group instruction or one-on-one support, and modifying assignments to be appropriate for different learning levels.

#4. Collaborating with Special Education Professionals

Working closely with special education professionals is key to providing the best support for students with autism. They can offer valuable insights into a student's strengths, weaknesses, and challenges, helping you tailor teaching strategies and materials.

#5. Engaging and Interactive Learning

Making math engaging and interactive is essential for all learners. For those with ASD, you can do this by incorporating technology, using hands-on activities, connecting math to real-world situations, and utilizing visual schedules and aids.

By embracing these basic principles, you can help students unlock their mathematical potential and achieve success in math!

Tips for Engaging ASD Students in Math

Here are some additional tips that can help engage students in math learning:

• Break Down Complex Concepts: Divide complex math concepts into smaller, more manageable chunks.
• Provide Clear and Concise Instructions: Use simple language and avoid jargon.
• Use Visual Representations: Show students how math concepts are represented visually using diagrams, graphs, or manipulatives.
• Incorporate Technology: Use interactive software, apps, and online resources to make learning more engaging.
• Utilize Positive Reinforcement: Celebrate success, provide positive feedback, and use rewards to motivate students.
• Consider Sensory Needs: Be aware of sensory sensitivities and create a learning environment that is comfortable for students with autism.
• Promote Collaboration: Create opportunities for students with ASD to work with peers and receive support from their classmates.

The Role of ABA Therapy in Teaching Math to Students with Autism

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy is a widely used and evidence-based approach that can significantly benefit students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their math learning journey. ABA therapy focuses on identifying and changing specific behaviors, teaching new skills, and promoting independent functioning.

How ABA therapy can help with Math:

• Skill Development: ABA therapists support students with ASD by enhancing essential skills, focusing on communication skills, socialization skills, and attending skills. These skills are crucial for a student's ability to access and engage with math instruction.
• Behavioral Management: ABA therapists can help reduce challenging behaviors that might interfere with learning. This might include strategies for managing anxiety, sensory sensitivities, or difficulties with transitions.
• Individualized Plans: ABA therapists can develop individualized plans to address specific learning needs and goals, ensuring that the student receives the appropriate support.
• Motivation and Engagement: ABA therapy uses positive reinforcement techniques that can help motivate students and increase their engagement in learning.

By addressing these core areas, ABA therapy can create a foundation for successful math learning for students with ASD. At Rise Up for Autism in Illinois, we understand the unique challenges that students with autism face in math. That is why we offer Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy, which can help students develop essential skills that make learning math much easier.

Rise Up for Autism: Empower Your Child's Math Success

Rise Up for Autism is dedicated to providing support, resources, and advocacy for individuals with ASD and their families. We offer 1:1 ABA therapy to help prepare children aged 2-6 for the next steps in their educational journeys, providing them with the skills they need to succeed in math.

Develop your child's learning skills with the right support from Rise Up for Autism. Contact us today to learn more about our ABA therapy in Illinois.

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